Know Your Electronics Components

Resistor 

Resistors are electronic components that serves to provide resistance to the flow of electric current. In the electric circuit of resistors required certain specifications, such as major obstacles, the maximum current to be missed, and the characteristics of resistance against temperature and heat. Resistors provide resistance to a given component of the voltage current flowing through it is not large, and can be used as a voltage divider. 

Capacitors 

capacitor is an electrical component that serves to store electrical charges. One type of capacitor is keeping parallel capacitor. This capacitor consists of two parallel pieces of metal separated by an insulator called a dielectric. When the capacitor is connected to a battery-charged capacitor until the potential difference between the two terminals with battery voltage. If the battery is removed, electric charges will be exhausted in a very long time, except when a conductor is connected to the two capacitor terminals. 

Diodes 

Diodes are semiconductor devices that stream flow in one direction only. Diodes made of Silicon Germanium or better known as Junction diodes. Diode is also used on the adapter that functions as a rectifier of the AC signal to DC. 

  

LED (Light emitting diode) 

LED is a component that can emit light. LED is a product of the other findings after diode. The structure is also similar to the diode, but later found that the electrons that hit connection PN also releasing energy in the form of heat energy and light energy. LEDs are made to be more efficient if the issue of light. To obtain light emission in semiconductors, doping is the use of gallium, arsenic and phosporus. Different types of drugs produce different colors of light as well. 

At this time the colors of LED light that there is a lot of red, yellow and blue hijau.LED very rare. Basically, all colors can be produced, but it will be very expensive and inefficient. In addition to selecting the LED color, need to be considered working voltage, maximum current and power dissipation. 

Relay 

Transistor can not function as a switch (switch) DC voltage or high voltage. In addition, generally not used as a switch for large currents (> 5 A). In this case, the use of a perfect relay. Relay functions as a switch that works based on input he had. 

Benefits relay: 

· can switch AC and DC, DC transistor switches only 

· Relays can switch high voltages, transistors can not be 

· Relay choice for switching large currents 

· Relays can switch many contacts in the 1st time 

Lack of relay: 

· Relay size much larger than the transistor 

· Relay can not switch quickly 

· Relay need greater power compared to the transistor 

· Relay requires a large input current 


Transistor 

Bipolar transistors are used as electronic switches and amplifiers in digital electronic circuits. Transistor has 3 terminals. Transistors are usually made of silicon or germanium material. Three different foot shape is a bipolar transistor emitter, base and collector. They can be combined into NPN or PNP type which became one as the three legs of transistors. The figure below shows the shapes and symbols for NPN type. (The PNP transistors, emitter arrow opposite direction). 


 

Picture Symbols NPN and PNP transistors 


In electronic circuits, the input signal is 1 or 0 is always used at the base of the transistor, which the collector and emitter as a liaison to the breaker (short) or as the opening sequence. Rules / procedures transistor as follows: 

· NPN transistor, providing a positive voltage from the base to the emitter, causing the collector to emitter connections connected short, which causes the transistor active (on). Providing a negative voltage or 0 V from the base to the emitter causes the open collector and emitter, which is called the transistor die ( off) 

· In the PNP PNP transistors, providing a negative voltage from the base to the emitter of this transistor turns on (on). And provide a positive voltage or 0 V from the base to the emitter of this will make the transistor die (off).